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Introduction Echocardiography has an essential role in the assessment of cardiac morphology in children and adults with suspected or confirmed congenital heart disease. Whilst knowledge and understanding of cardiac morphology is a fundamental

periprocedural transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in patients undergoing TAVR is valuable for confirming annular size, guiding procedural steps and for early and precise determination of hemodynamic outcomes and periprocedural complications ( 5 ). In contrast

-dimensional (2D) speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) can track tissue motion in any direction in a 2D imaging plane. The STE-derived annulus excursion quantification software has been used to assess mitral annulus displacement and its feasibility has been

Introduction Precise and fast as well as reproducible measurements of left atrial (LA) and left ventricular (LV) volumes and systolic function are the most common and important tasks of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), which is clinical

Introduction Stress echocardiography (SE) is a well-established, reliable and safe method for assessment of ischaemic heart disease ( 1 ). Furthermore, SE is utilised in patients with valvular heart disease or cardiomyopathies and is also used

direct and indirect causes of cryptogenic stroke and subsequently offer these patients a more personalized therapeutic management. In the present paper, we present a step-by-step transthoracic (TTE) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) performance

in patients at the same or different sites. To facilitate the transition to digital echocardiography acquisition and reporting systems that use database (software) architecture. 1.2. There is broad agreement regarding the standard views and recordings

Introduction Dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) is commonly performed during follow-up after cardiac transplantation as part of surveillance for the diagnosis of cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV). Previous studies have demonstrated the

1. Introduction This document aims to provide a framework for performing an adult transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) in a variety of clinical settings such as cardiology outpatients, cardiac theatre, and intensive care. The layout is not only a

Introduction Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is a useful non-invasive method for estimating left ventricular (LV) volumes and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The recommended Simpson biplane method of disks has