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Introduction Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) remains the commonest cardiac imaging modality as it is safe, cost-effective and useful in the diagnosis, management and follow-up of most cardiac conditions ( 1 ). As with all investigations

Introduction Over the past decade, advancements in transoesophageal echocardiography technology (TOE) have expanded the clinical applications of TOE beyond that of a purely diagnostic tool for assessing the valvular pathology. The latest TOE

bicuspid aortic valve disease with aortic stenosis. On admission, leucophilia (WCC 18 × 10 9 /L), anaemia (Hb 70 g/L), acute kidney injury and Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia were present. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) revealed thickening of the

Introduction Imaging techniques such as computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) are commonly used for diagnosis, monitoring, and decision-making in patients with cardiovascular

surgical or percutaneous intervention ( 2 ). Echocardiography is central in the diagnosis, assessment and management of individuals with aortic valve disease. The British Society of Echocardiography (BSE) has previously published a guideline document in

and highlights the importance of exercise stress echocardiography in the management of primary and secondary MR. Video 1 Primary mitral regurgitation with flail A2 scallop of the anterior mitral valve leaflet. View Video 1 at http

heart disease ( 1 ), heart failure ( 2 , 3 ) and myocardial infarction ( 4 ) require regular monitoring of EF to follow the clinical course of disease. When two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography is used for serial assessments of EF, one of the most

echocardiography to exclude valvular heart disease in all patients before starting cabergoline or bromocriptine, followed by a second echocardiogram performed 3–6 months after commencement and then at 6–12-month intervals while continuing on the medication. It was

Background Electrical cardioversion to restore sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation ( 1 ) is usually preceded by anticoagulation for at least 3 weeks. However, transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) can be used to exclude atrial

several distinct but contiguous structures: a fibro-muscular annulus, two leaflets, tendinous chords and papillary muscles ( 1 ). In order to identify abnormal mitral anatomy by echocardiography and accurately diagnose disease severity, it is essential